近年の地震・津波災害・・・阪神淡路大震災（兵庫県南部地震）１９９５年
１９９５年1月17日午前5時46分、兵庫県南部地震（マグニチュード【M】7.3）が発生、死者6434人を出す大災害（阪神淡路大震災）となった。大都市の直下で活断層が活動して起きた地震だったため、神戸・葦谷・西宮・宝塚など、六甲断層系の活断層に沿って分布する都市に、大規模な災害をもたらした。木造建築物、非木造建築物、木造構造物などの倒壊や崩壊、ライフラインの断絶、広域火災、地盤の液状化、六甲山地での斜面崩壊など、まさに都市の複合的な災害になった。死者の8割以上が、木造住宅などの倒壊による圧死や窒息死であった。地震の発生が真冬の早朝で、多くの人がまだ自宅にいたため、人的被害を大きくしたものである。
鉄筋コンクリート造りのビルにも、大きな被害を生じた。特に目立ったのは、一階部分がつぶれたり、中間階がつぶれた建物が多かったことである。地震の発生が、もし平日の昼間であったなら、オフィスビルで多数の死傷者が出た可能性がある。
この災害を契機にして、各地で建物の耐震診断や耐震補強を進めようという声があがった。特に、耐震基準について建築基準法が現行のものに改正される１９８１年6月1日よりも前に建てられた、いわゆる「既存不適格」の建物に被害が集中した点を踏まえて、耐震化が急務であると指摘されたのである。そのため、地方自治体によっては、既存不適格の木造家屋を対象に耐震診断や補強を行うにあたって、資金の助成を実施しているところも少なくない。
しかし、耐震化に対する一般住民の意識は、決して高いとは言えないのが現状である。住宅の耐震化は、個人の生命や財産だけの問題ではない。もし家屋が倒壊して道路をふさぐことになれば、避難行動の妨げにもなるし、緊急自動車も走れないような状態になる。被災地の救助・救援活動にも大きな障害を生じることになろう。したがって、家屋の耐震化を進めるということは、防災まちづくりの一環と位置付けなければならない。
Recent earthquake and tsunami disasters...Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake (Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake) 1995
At 5:46 a.m. on January 17, 1995, the Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake (magnitude [M] 7.3) occurred, resulting in a major disaster (Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake) that killed 6,434 people. Because the earthquake was caused by an active fault directly beneath a large city, it caused large-scale disasters in cities located along the active faults of the Rokko fault system, such as Kobe, Ashiya, Nishinomiya, and Takarazuka. It truly became a complex urban disaster, with collapses and collapses of wooden buildings, non-wooden buildings, and wooden structures, disruption of lifelines, widespread fires, liquefaction of the ground, and slope collapses in the Rokko Mountains. More than 80% of the deaths were due to crushing or suffocation due to collapsed wooden houses. The earthquake occurred early in the morning in the middle of winter, and many people were still at home, causing great human casualties.
A reinforced concrete building also suffered significant damage. What was particularly noticeable was that there were many buildings where the first floor or intermediate floors were collapsed. If the earthquake had occurred during the daytime on a weekday, there is a possibility that there would have been many casualties in the office building.
In the wake of this disaster, calls were made to proceed with seismic diagnosis and seismic reinforcement of buildings in various places. In particular, in light of the fact that damage was concentrated in buildings that were built before June 1, 1981, when the Building Standards Act was revised to the current version of the earthquake resistance standards, so-called "existing unsuitable" buildings, It was pointed out that this was an urgent need. For this reason, many local governments provide financial assistance to carry out seismic diagnosis and reinforcement for existing unsuitable wooden houses.
However, the current situation is that the general public's awareness of earthquake resistance is not at all high. Making homes earthquake resistant is not just a matter of personal life and property. If a house collapses and blocks a road, it will hinder evacuation efforts and make it impossible for emergency vehicles to run. This will also cause major obstacles to rescue and relief operations in the disaster-stricken areas. Therefore, making houses more earthquake resistant must be positioned as part of disaster prevention community development.
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次の掲載予定は2月25日です
